UPDATED SEPTEMBER 2026
11.7%

99% of Seattleites live within a 10-minute walk of a park. 11.7% live within a 10-minute walk of one where dogs are legal.

11.7% of Seattleites are within a 10-minute walk of a legal off-leash area (OLA). 76.6% are within SPR's published 2.5-mile OLA standard. This report measures the gap between "a park" and "a park where dogs are legal."

10-min walk to any park
99%
10-min network walk to an OLA
11.7%
Seattle residents, osmnx network + 2020 Census block groups. src
Seattle's dog-park density
1.82
Dog parks per 100,000 residents (TPL 2025), below every West Coast peer.
Part One
The walkability paradox.

Seattle ranks among the top U.S. cities for park access: 99% of residents live within a 10-minute walk of a park, per TPL's 2025 rankings. Measured the same way, the off-leash system covers 11.7% of residents.

Any park, versus a park where dogs are legal.

Trust for Public Land's access metric uses a half-mile walk along the street network, the distance most people will walk before driving. By that measure 99% of Seattle residents are within a 10-minute walk of a park. Applying the same measure to the 14 off-leash areas gives 11.7%, roughly 86,000 of the city's 738,000 residents in the 2020 Census. SPR's own OLA standard is 2.5 miles, about a 50-minute walk one way, and covers 76.6%. Both OLA figures are modeled here from Seattle's street network and Census block groups (method in Data notes).

Share of Seattle within a 10-minute walk
All three bars are population coverage. TPL's 99% for any park is their published figure. The two OLA bars are computed on this site: an osmnx network walkshed around every OLA (compute_walkshed.py) intersected with 2020 Census block-group population (population_coverage.py), area-weighted.
Source: TPL 2025 ParkScore (all-parks 99%) · OLA walksheds computed in-repo (osmnx + 2020 Census). Full method & scripts in Data notes.

Where the gaps are.

The map shows the 14 existing OLAs with their half-mile walking areas, the two funded sites now expected in 2027 and 2028, and four sites in longer-term planning. The walk areas follow the pedestrian street network and stop at barriers such as I-5 and the Ship Canal. Even with all six built, central and north neighborhoods (Ravenna, Wallingford, Green Lake, Phinney, Maple Leaf) remain largely uncovered, and the closest legal OLA for most of Queen Anne and Magnolia stays Kinnear, at 0.124 acres.

Seattle off-leash areas, with half-mile walksheds
Half-mile network walking-distance areas along Seattle's pedestrian street network. Funded and planned sites (walk area not yet computed) are shown as dashed straight-line half-mile circles.

Two independent checks point the same way. Enforcement: 71.9% of off-leash enforcement records placed at a geocoded park (2014–2026) fall outside any OLA's 10-minute walkshed, clustering in Capitol Hill, Queen Anne, Wallingford, Maple Leaf, and Ravenna; the analysis is on the Enforcement page. Equity: cross-tabbed against TPL's park-priority index, OLA coverage is highest in the top-priority tier (44%) and lowest in the middle tier (15%), where most of those hotspots sit (method in Data notes).

Nearly every ZIP is below its fair share of OLA acreage.

Access measures distance. A second measure is whether the acreage inside each ZIP matches the dogs registered there. Joining the ~26,700 active dog licenses (Seattle Open Data, April 2026) to OLA acreage by ZIP, and sizing each ZIP's fair share by its licensed dogs (about one acre per 800 dogs citywide), only four ZIPs sit above their share: Westcrest's (+7.3 ac), Magnuson's (+5.7), Dr. Jose Rizal and Blue Dog Pond's (+4.3), and Genesee's (+0.8). The deepest acre shortfalls are Fremont / Wallingford / Green Lake (98103), Capitol Hill / Central District (98122), Ballard (98107), Alki / Admiral (98116), and the U District (98105); the last four have no OLA acreage at all. Queen Anne (98119) and South Lake Union (98109) rank tenth and twelfth by acres short, but first and second by dogs per OLA acre, because each has a single OLA of roughly a tenth of an acre.

Seattle: licensed-dog density × OLA walksheds
ZIP polygons shaded by licensed-dog count (darker navy = more dogs). Orange polygons are the 0.5-mile network walksheds around each OLA. High-density navy without orange is the under-served area.
High dog density (2,000+ licenses) Medium Low 0.5-mi OLA walkshed
Source: Seattle Pet Licenses (April 1 2026) · ZIP polygons seattleio/seattle-boundaries-data · join via analyze_pet_licenses.py · ZIP table in dogs-and-olas-by-zip.csv. Method in Data notes.
South Lake Union · 98109
7,876
licensed dogs per OLA acre in SLU / Uptown, the highest ratio in Seattle.

827 licensed dogs. Denny Park's OLA: 0.105 acres, 4,574 sq ft, roughly one basketball court for the neighborhood.

Queen Anne · 98119
7,016
licensed dogs per OLA acre in Queen Anne, second-highest in Seattle.

870 licensed dogs. Kinnear OLA: 0.124 acres, 5,401 sq ft, about one basketball court for the neighborhood.

Licensed-dog counts are floors: most Seattle dogs are unlicensed, so the deficits above understate demand. ZIPs are the finest geography the license dataset provides and don't map cleanly to neighborhoods; labels lead with a primary neighborhood and cite the ZIP. ZIPs that extend past the city line are excluded from the fair-share calculation because OLA acreage is Seattle-only.

Part Two
Acreage, not just count.

"14 OLAs" is the headline count. Half are under one acre and three are under a quarter-acre; the four largest hold ~79% of the total.

How small is small?

The median Seattle OLA is under one acre. The two smallest, Denny at 0.105 acres and Kinnear at 0.124, are each roughly the footprint of a basketball court. The bottom seven together hold under 10% of the city's ~31 OLA acres.

Seattle OLA acreage, ranked
Acreages from SPR's Dog Off-Leash Areas ArcGIS feature service (April 2026), cross-checked against SPR site pages and the OLA Expansion Study.

Space per resident, space per dog.

Divide Seattle's parkland by its people, and its OLA footprint by its dogs, and draw both at the same scale.

Drawn to scale · 1 px = ~0.4 sq ft
Every Seattle resident's share of parkland
355 sq ft
About the footprint of a small studio apartment
Every Seattle dog's share of OLA
5.4 sq ft
About the footprint of a doormat

A Seattle resident has roughly 66× more parkland per person than a Seattle dog has dedicated off-leash space per dog. At the conservative 150,000-dog floor the ratio is 40×. Dogs are allowed in Seattle parks on leash; the comparison is off-leash space only, and 99.5% of the city's parkland is off-limits to off-leash dogs.

Math: 6,662 ac total parkland (TPL 2025 ParkScore Seattle) ÷ 816,600 residents (WA Office of Financial Management (OFM) 2025) = 0.00816 ac/resident = 355 sq ft. 30.7 ac OLA total (seattle-olas.csv) ÷ 248,858 American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)-estimated dogs (illegal-use-indicators.csv) = 5.37 sq ft/dog. Ratio 355/5.37 = 66.1.

Amenities: lighting, water, small-dog areas

What the 14 OLAs offer beyond a fence. The water figure is the City's own; the lighting figure comes from a 2021 user survey and has not been confirmed by SPR.

Have water access
1 of 14
"Only one OLA provides water," the Finance and Administrative Services department told the City Council in June 2022 (PRR C266465, Bates 00524). The one is Magnuson.
Have lighting
3 of 14
Plymouth Pillars, Regrade, Golden Gardens, per a 2021 COLA user survey. Unverified by SPR; fall and winter evenings after work are unusable at the rest.
Have small-dog areas
5 of 14
Magnuson, Westcrest, Genesee, Golden Gardens, Magnolia Manor, per seattle-olas.csv (SPR ArcGIS attributes).
Source: FAS SLI response to Council, June 30 2022 (PRR C266465, Bates PKS_C266465_01_00524) · sources/nextdoor-qa-playfield-2021.md · data/seattle-olas.csv

What "too small" means, quantified

Three independent authorities publish overlapping standards for the size of a functioning neighborhood dog park and the per-dog capacity a park of a given size can support.

AKC recommendation
≥ 1 acre
Industry design consensus
1–5 acres
Community dog-park sizing, with 1 acre as the practical floor. Per Parks & Rec Business and municipal design guidelines (Ann Arbor, Fairfax County).
Per-dog capacity
75–100 sq ft
Recommended planning density at peak use. Below this, injury and behavioral-conflict risk rise. Dog Park Size Guide.

Applied to Seattle: seven of 14 OLAs are below the AKC 1-acre floor, and three are below a quarter-acre. At 100 sq ft per dog, Kinnear (~5,400 sq ft) implies a peak of about 54 dogs and Denny (~4,600 sq ft) about 46. SPR signage at Kinnear asks owners with more than three dogs to use another OLA. Kinnear is the closest designated OLA for most of Queen Anne, though most of the hill lies outside its 10-minute walkshed.

Peer-city acreage per resident.

Comparing OLA acreage across cities is harder than comparing counts, because cities define "off-leash" differently: Portland's 38 sites are mostly unfenced voice-control areas, San Francisco's 42 include small dog play areas inside larger parks, Vancouver BC's 36 include time-restricted beaches and fields, and Seattle counts only dedicated sites (12 fully fenced, two partially). On a best-effort, methodology-adjusted basis Seattle sits at the bottom of the five-city set: Vancouver BC has about 6.7× Seattle's OLA acreage per resident, San Francisco 3.6×, Portland 3.4×. The per-city detail, governance, and funding models are on the Peer Cities page; the adjustments are in Data notes.

OLA acres per 10,000 residents, methodology-adjusted
Excludes outlier off-leash hiking areas (Thousand Acres OR, Walnut Creek TX). Vancouver BC includes time-restricted beach/field access. Austin uses its ~80 fenced acres.
Part Three
Illegal off-leash use: what the data shows.

Three sources bear on the scale of illegal off-leash use: SPR's 2015 owner survey, Find-It-Fix-It complaints, and the City's own enforcement agency, which told the Council in 2022 why it happens.

What Seattle's own data says.

Owners admitting illegal off-leash use
38%
Blended from SPR's 2015 survey (p. 17): 39% in local parks and 38% in large parks (weekly to monthly), 36% on park trails.
Find-It-Fix-It nuisance-dog reports, 2025
3,010
“Nuisance Dogs in a Park” complaints, first full year of the record (PRR C263990), roughly 11 per off-leash enforcement record that year. Analysis on Enforcement.
Off-leash citations, Mar–Aug 2016
543
Citations issued over the first six months of the full-time patrol program (enforcement-citations.csv, PRR C049204).

In 2015, as part of the research behind the People, Dogs and Parks Plan, SPR surveyed 3,970 dog owners; about 38% admitted illegal off-leash use, a self-reported figure given to the enforcing agency and likely an undercount. Residents now file about 3,000 “Nuisance Dogs in a Park” complaints a year. The complaint category was only created in 2024, so there is no longer trend to read; the Enforcement page sets complaint volume against enforcement output over the overlapping months.

That is the City's enforcement agency stating the supply explanation, not this site inferring it. The same report told Council that "achieving compliance … requires a holistic approach, involving enforcement, an increase in Off Leash Areas and more robust educational campaigns," and that without a legal option nearby, owners weigh a 25-minute drive against the park down the street. The enforcement records show the result: contacts concentrate in neighborhoods without a nearby OLA, or where the OLA that exists is a tenth of an acre.

Case study · 20-year documented record

Kinnear Park.

Queen Anne's only nearby OLA is Seattle's second-smallest, at 0.124 acres (only Denny, at 0.105, is smaller). At the bottom of a hillside greenbelt on the southwest slope of Queen Anne Hill, it is the closest legal off-leash option for most of Queen Anne and large parts of Magnolia, home to tens of thousands of residents and roughly 2,000 licensed dogs across the two ZIPs. Approved in 2007, it opened in 2013 and was made permanent in 2014. In SPR's own 2016 capital-priority list it is ranked LOW, with $6,000–$11,000 of identified need.

0.124 ac
Fenced area
20+ yrs
Incident record
Context

A small OLA with long-running site-adjacent issues.

Kinnear's OLA is at the far side of Lower Kinnear Park from the parking lot and main entrance. The park has been the site of documented encampment activity and clearance cycles for over 20 years; the record is in kinnear-timeline.csv.

2000
Kinnear is not included in Seattle's $198 million Pro Parks Levy.
1999 & 2003
Beating deaths reported in Lower Kinnear. Quoted in 2007 Seattle Weekly feature: “Everyone in Queen Anne knows that lower Kinnear Park is just a place you don't go because it's not safe.”
2007
A new dog run is approved for Kinnear, the 12th in the city. Initial reporting notes two issues: no construction funding, and “the area just below where the dog run is supposed to be situated is currently occupied by regular encampments of the homeless.”
2008
City crews clear the Queen Anne greenbelt near Kinnear over multiple days, filling multiple garbage trucks. SPR spokesperson Dewey Potter to the Seattle Times: “We try to be as laissez-faire as we can. Because life is tough with these folks. We try to look the other way.”
2013–14
The OLA opens (2013) and is made permanent (2014), per SPR's 2017 plan.
2020
Dog-owner review notes the encampment along the access path: “You have to walk past it to get to the off-leash area and we didn't feel super safe doing so... I would recommend not going when it's dark and not going alone.”
2023
Investigative reporting identifies Kinnear as part of a “hidden encampment network” in Seattle's wooded parks.
April 2025
City clears a Kinnear encampment. Tents reappear within days. KOMO News: “It's unclear how many people were living in the park this time, but the garbage left behind is extensive.”
May 2025
Memorial Day cleanup: ~100 volunteers remove an estimated 10,000 lbs of trash from Kinnear and the adjacent greenbelt.

Implications for access counts. Kinnear is counted as Queen Anne's OLA in SPR's gap analysis. Many Queen Anne dog owners drive to Magnuson or Magnolia Manor instead, or use Kerry Park, Rodgers Park, Queen Anne Bowl, or nearby school playfields, where off-leash use is not authorized. Plymouth Pillars (Capitol Hill), Denny Park (SLU), and Regrade (Belltown) sit in or adjacent to similar site-safety patterns. The nominal count of 14 assumes all 14 are practically functional for their neighborhoods.